@inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015509_, title = {Recognition of Peanuts Cartoons}, author = {Adler, M. R.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {The aim of our research is to interpret cartoons which are two-dimensional representations of events which happen in the three-dimensional world. We discuss the difficulties peculiar to this domain of irregular curved line drawings. The strategy we adopt is to reduce the importance of precise shape description by exploiting context information provided by the use of models. The method is described and the action of the program is outlined for its analysis of a particular scene.}, keywords = {curved line drawings, occlusion analysis, computer vision, scene description}, pages = {1-13}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015510_, title = {A Brief Critique of LISP}, author = {Anderson, Bruce}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {14-25}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015511_, title = {A High Level Machine for Artificial Intelligence}, author = {Attardi, G. and Montangero, C. and Prini, G.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {26-37}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015512_, title = {Reasoning about Hand Printed Fortran Programs}, author = {Bornat, R.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {38-46}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015513_, title = {Finding Blobs of Writing in the Fortran Coding-Sheets Project}, author = {Bornat, R. and Brady, J. M.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {47-55}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015514_, title = {Does AI Programming Really Have to Be like Knitting with Spaghetti?}, author = {Bornat, R. and Wielinga, Bob J.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {56-62}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015515_, title = {Seeing a Pattern as a Character}, author = {Brady, J. M. and Wielinga, Bob J.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {63-73}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015516_, title = {The Role of Extensible Deductive Systems in Mathematical Reasoning}, author = {Brown, F. Malloy}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {We argue that significant improvement in deductive ability of automatic theorem provers presupposes the construction of deductive systems which make use of domain dependent mathematical knowledge and which can justify the results of using such knowledge in terms of the axioms of the given domain. We then briefly describe an implementation of a prototype deductive system of this nature for the domain of elementary set theory.}, pages = {74-83}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015517_, title = {A Deductive System for Elementary Arithmetic}, author = {Brown, F. Malloy}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {We describe a theorem prover for elementary number theory based on truth value preserving transformations, and present some theorems which it has proven.}, pages = {84-93}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015518_, title = {MECHO}, subtitle = {Year One}, author = {Bundy, A. and Luger, G. and Stone, M. and Welham, R.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {This is a progress report on the MECHO project originally announced in D.A.I. Working Paper No. 8, Bundy, Luger and Stone, 1975. The project is to write a computer program which can solve mechanics problems stated in English. This is motivated by a desire to understand how it is possible to form a mathematical model of a real world situation. A problem, typical of those solved by our program, is given and the natural language analysis, equation extraction and the solution of the problem discussed.}, pages = {94-103}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015519_, title = {Processing Newspaper Stories}, subtitle = {Some Thoughts on Fighting and Stylistics}, author = {Eisenstadt, M.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {This paper explores two aspects of story understanding: (a) the representation of human motivations and intentions; (b) different stylistic mechanisms for inter-relating pairs of sentences. The former aspect is examined by attempting to represent some of the concepts necessary to understand a "fighting" episode in a short newspaper story about a civil war. The latter aspect is used to emphasize that some of the inferences necessary to understand a particular story may be guided by "structural" properties of the story which rule out certain expectations. Finally, a possible synthesis of these two aspects is suggested.}, pages = {104-117}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015520_, title = {Catalysing Communication in an Autistic Child in a LOGO-like Learning Environment}, author = {Emanuel, Ricky and Weir, Sylvia}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {The fascination for machines shown by autistic children can be exploited in a LOGO-based learning environment. We report an experience with a seven-year-old autistic child whose active and enjoyable explorations in controlling the LOGO turtle formed the basis for the development of language for communication, both verbal and nonverbal. The strikingly rapid effect produced involved two features seldom shown by the child, VIZ. the onset of spontaneous language based on descriptions of the turtle's behaviour, and the active seeking out of social interaction. We argue that this follows from the self-validating effect of understanding and being understood, i.e. sharing a sense of relevance, and that this in turn follows from the highly structured but creatively open-ended nature of the LOGO environment, In which the crucial step of "seeing what is relevant" is made transparently easy.}, keywords = {LOGO, autism, learning environment, perception}, pages = {118-129}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015521_, title = {A Distributed Activity Processing System for A.I.}, author = {Harwood, W. T. and Hanna, F. K.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {This paper is concerned with the development of a, primarily hardware, knowledge system with common sense like capabilities which eventually may prove more useful than 'logical deduction' systems. To this end the following section makes some observations about human intelligent behaviour and reformulates these in 'machine terms'. After this, two themes are developed (i) a simple set of control primitives for a distributed system, and (ii) the development of "priority" and "relevance" schemes to the above stated goal. What has been omitted from this paper is a detailed discussion of processor-processor deadly embraces and general network message saturation (although these are touched upon). This is a deliberate omission on the grounds that space precludes detailed discussion of this. The authors will be commenting else where on these aspects.}, pages = {130-136}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015522_, title = {Ully}, subtitle = {A Program for Handling Conversations}, author = {Hayes, P. J. and Rosner, M. A.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {137-147}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015523_, title = {Using Relaxation to Find a Puppet}, author = {Hinton, G.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {The problem of finding a puppet in a configuration of overlapping, transparent rectangles is used to show how a relaxation algorithm can extract the globally best figure from a network of conflicting local interpretations.}, pages = {148-157}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015524_, title = {Problm Reduction and the Two-Dimensional Trim-Loss Problem}, author = {Hinxman, A. I.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {158-165}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015525_, title = {Clinical Consultation and the Representation of Disease Processes}, subtitle = {Some A.I. Approaches}, author = {Kulikowski, C. A. and Weiss, S. and Trigoboff, M. and Safir, A.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {Computer consultation systems have been developed based on semantic models of the mechanisms and clinical course of treated and untreated glaucoma. A novel characteristic of these systems is that they can, for a particular case, present alternative opinions and reasoning derived from different consultants. To provide the system with a variety of opinions we have established a computer-based network of collaborating consultants who share in the development and testing of the programs. By representing in the computer detailed patterns of disease evolving with the passage of time, we are able to deal with multiple followup visits. Sequences of suggested therapies for the various types and stages of progressions of glaucoma have also been incorporated in the model.}, pages = {166-174}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015526_, title = {Visual Motion Detection}, subtitle = {A Computational Theory and Some of the Psychological Data Which It Integrates}, author = {Lamontagne, C.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {In the context of a computational theory of visual motion detection some apparently conflictual psychological data about human visual motion perception are shown to be perfectly compatible. The hypothesis is put forward that the human visual motion detection system is limited to considering only one visual object at a time, this visual object being however allowed to embrace any part of the observed scene, whether the chosen part consists of many physical objects, or only one, or only a small part of one.}, pages = {175-183}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015527_, title = {Dialogue-Games}, subtitle = {A Process Model of Natural Language Interaction}, author = {Levin, J. A. and Moore, J. A.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {184-194}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015528_, title = {Edge Detection Using Walsh Functions}, author = {O'Gorman, Frank}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {195-206}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015529_, title = {An Application of Artificial Intelligence in Information Retrieval}, subtitle = {Reseda Project for Medieval Biographies}, author = {Ornato, M. and Zarri, G. P.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {207-220}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015530_, title = {Seeing Puppets Quickly}, author = {Paul, J. Lawrence}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {We are trying to interpret scenes containing a puppet with moveable limbs in order to try to understand how we can get an interpretation of the scene without noticing all the details. This involves the use of several intermediate descriptions (e.g. humanoid postures, occlusion, support).}, keywords = {intermediate representations, scene analysis, models}, pages = {221-233}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015531_, title = {Problems in Local Semantic Processing}, author = {Ritchie, G. D.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {Winograd's SHRDLU program carried out full semantic processing, including computing of referents, as it parsed. If we try to generalise this mechanism, certain difficulties arise concerning inadequate information about contexts of reference. This suggests that we may need to perform much of the semantic processing on senses rather than referents.}, keywords = {computational linguistics, run-environment, parsing, sense and reference, time and tense, semantic processing}, pages = {234-241}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015532_, title = {Giving a Computer Gestalt Experiences}, author = {Sloman, Aaron and Hardy, Stevon}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {242-255}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015533_, title = {Planning to Make Tricks at Bridge}, author = {Stanier, A. M.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {256-265}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015534_, title = {Incidental and State-Dependent Phenomena in Robot Problem Solving}, author = {Štĕpánková, Olga and Havel, Ivan M.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {266-278}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015535_, title = {A Formalism for Case Systems}, author = {Steels, L.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {279-289}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015536_, title = {Recognizing Plans and Summarizing Actions}, author = {Schmidt, C. F. and Sridharan, N. S. and Goodson, J. L.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {The structural aspects of an information processing theory of how persons understand the actions of others is presented. The process described is a constructive process which uses a plan schema to recognize the plans which account for the observed actions. The logical and psychological rules of plan consistency are presented and their use in plan recognition is described. One measure of the understanding of observed actions is the ability to summarize the observations. Properties of summaries are discussed and it is shown that these properties result from the plan recognition process.}, keywords = {summary, plan, theory of actions, belief systems}, pages = {291-306}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015537_, title = {Mechanizing the Common-Sense Inference of Rules Which Direct Behavior}, author = {Soloway, Elliot M. and Riseman, Edward M.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {We shall present a system that augments its a priori general understanding of human behavior in a spatio-temporal domain of physical activity, goals, competition, and gaming. Observing seemingly novel situations within that domain, it uses common-sense reasoning to construct an interpretation of the observed actions. This understanding is expressed in terms of the goals of the actors executing the actions. The system has the ability to focus its attention, as well as generation, generalize, and verify hypotheses. The desired result is a consistent structure of generalized hypotheses which represent both the regularities and an understanding of the observed domain.}, pages = {307-321}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{10.5555_3015508.3015538_, title = {The Frame and Focus Problems in AI}, subtitle = {Discussion in Relation to the Believer System}, author = {Sridharan, N. S.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, abstract = {There are two types of reasoning about actions - Planning and Interpretation. We are involved in the Interpretation of observed sequences of actions using a psychological theory of act interpretation. The Interpreter uses a model space to maintain a current description of the observational world. There are two kinds of problems in maintaining a model - Consistency with respect to what we know about the domain and Correctness with respect to an external observable world. Past discussions of the problem have dealt mainly with the Issue of consistency. The issue of ensuring correctness is a difficult one and this paper proposes the Heuristic of using the detected inconsistencies of the model state as a guide to selectively removing disparities between the model state and the observable world. A Knowledge Representation Framework is described which allows all aspects of the Frame Problem to be tackled coherently. An example is given to illustrate our approach and an indication of the rule learning capability of the system Is given. The Focus problem for the Observer is introduced and Is shown to be complementary to the Frame Problem for the modelling system.}, keywords = {knowledge acquisition, knowledge representation language, knowledge representation, model maintenance, modelling, plan generation, plan recognition, problem solving, the focus problem, the frame problem, belief systems modelling}, pages = {322-333}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @proceedings{76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_, title = {Proceedings of the 2nd Summer Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour}, editor = {Brady, Mike}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, country = {UK}, location = {Edinburgh, UK}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.5555/3015508}, url2 = {https://aisb.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/aisb1976.pdf}, file = {/media/john/data/todo/pdfs/proceedings/aisb/aisb1976.pdf}, } @inproceedings{trigoboff76__propag_infor_seman_net_, title = {Propagation of Information in a Semantic Net}, author = {Trigoboff, M. and Schmidt, Fabian}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {334-344}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{warren76__gener_condit_plans_progr_, title = {Generating Conditional Plans and Programs}, author = {Warren, David H. D.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {344-355}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{wilks76__de_minim_archaeol_frames_, title = {De Minimis, or the Archaeology of Frames}, author = {Wilks, Y.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {355-366}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{witten76__gener_natur_speec_text_, title = {Generating Natural Speech from Text}, author = {Witten, Ian H.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {366-376}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, } @inproceedings{young76__desig_choic_world_model_system_, title = {Design Choices for a World-Modelling System}, author = {Young, Richard M.}, year = {1976}, tags = {}, pages = {376-386}, crossref = {76:_aisb_summer_confer_artif_intel_simul_behav_}, }