@Comment 1997.bib -*- mode: BibTeX -*- @book{aarseth97_cyber_, title = {Cybertext}, subtitle = {Perspectives on Ergodic Literature}, author = {Aarseth, Espen}, year = {1997}, tags = {cybertext, ergodic_literature, games, hypertext, interaction, MUD, typology}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, abstract = {Can computer games be great literature? Do the rapidly evolving and culturally expanding genres of digital literature mean that the narrative mode of discourse - novels, films, television series - is losing its dominant position in our culture? Is it necessary to define a new aesthetics of cyborg textuality? In Cybertext, Espen Aarseth explores the aesthetics and textual dynamics of digital literature and its diverse genres, including hypertext fiction, computer games, computer-generated poetry and prose, and collaborative Internet texts such as MUDs. Instead of insisting on the uniqueness and newness of electronic writing and interactive fiction, however, Aarseth situates these literary forms within the tradition of “ergodic” literature-a term borrowed from physics to describe open, dynamic texts such as the I Ching or Apollinaire's calligrams, with which the reader must perform specific actions to generate a literary sequence.Constructing a theoretical model that describes how new electronic forms build on this tradition, Aarseth bridges the widely assumed divide between paper texts and electronic texts. He then uses the perspective of ergodic aesthetics to reexamine literary theories of narrative, semiotics, and rhetoric and to explore the implications of applying these theories to materials for which they were not intended.{ extquotedblright}In many respects, this is the book I and many others have been waiting for. I have not seen any work so comprehensive in its synthesis of previous commentary. Aarseth's brilliant observations remind me of McLuhan's 'probes'-highly condensed, provocative statements meant to generate controversy and insight. This is clearly the best study of electronic texts I have yet read.{ extquotedblright}-Stuart Moulthrop, University of Baltimore, author of Victory Garden}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-8018-5578-0}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Aarseth/Aarseth_1997_Cybertext.pdf}, } @article{aghion97__formal_real_author_organ_105_, title = {Formal and Real Authority in Organizations}, author = {Aghion, Philippe and Tirole, Jean}, year = {1997}, tags = {authority, communication, formal_authority, lenient_rules, organisation, reputation, rule}, journal = {The Journal of Political Economy}, volume = {105}, number = {1}, pages = {1-29}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2138869}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Aghion/1997 JPE Aghion and Tirole.pdf}, } @inbook{agre97__towar_critic_techn_pract_, title = {Toward a Critical Technical Practice}, subtitle = {Lessons Learned in Trying to Reform AI}, author = {Agre, Philip E.}, year = {1997}, tags = {__important, artificial_intelligence, critical_technical_practice}, chapter = {6}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/agre/critical.html}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Agre/critical.pdf}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @book{agre97_comput_, title = {Computation and human experience}, author = {Agre, Philip E.}, year = {1997}, tags = {abstraction, computation, deictic, pengi, phenomenology, planning, rule}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, abstract = {This book offers a critical reconstruction of the fundamental ideas and methods of artificial intelligence research. Through close attention to the metaphors of AI and their consequences for the field's patterns of success and failure, it argues for a reorientation of the field away from thought in the head and toward activity in the world. By considering computational ideas in a philosophical framework, the author eases critical dialogue between technology and the humanities and social sciences. AI can benefit from new understandings of human nature, and in return, it offers a powerful mode of investigation into the practicalities and consequences of physical realization.}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {978-0-521-38432-2}, doi = {10.1017/CBO9780511571169}, url = {http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=w1hUT46UkCMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=Computation+and+Human+Experience&ots=gKu_-MSN3U&sig=wnQ8NHayV4cp_pnsS2Ys9K6vyj4}, url2 = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=522884}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Agre/Agre_1997_Computation_and_human_experience.pdf}, } @inproceedings{agre97_lifew_analy_6_, title = {Lifeworld Analysis}, author = {Agre, Philip E. and Horswill, Ian}, year = {1997}, tags = {activity, agents, artificial_intelligence, environment, life_world, phenomenology, planning, TOAST}, booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence Research}, volume = {6}, pages = {111–145}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Agre/Agre_1997_Lifeworld_Analysis.pdf}, } @book{ahmad97_islam_, title = {An Elementary Study Of Islam}, author = {Ahmad, Hazrat Mirza Tahir}, year = {1997}, tags = {history, islam, religion}, publisher = {Islam International Publications}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {1-85372-562-5}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ahmad/Ahmad_1997_An_elementary_study_of_Islam.pdf}, } @article{alberdi97_retax_91_, title = {Retax}, subtitle = {A Step in the Automation of Taxonomic Revision}, author = {Alberdi, Eugenio and Sleeman, Derek H.}, year = {1997}, tags = {classification, discovery, empirical, historical_simulation, ReTAX, taxonomy, theory_revision}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {257-279}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00010-6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00010-6}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Alberdi/Alberdi_1997_Retax.pdf}, } @inbook{axel97__accor_tools_with_meanin_within_, title = {According Tools With Meaning Within the Organization of Concrete Work Situations}, author = {Axel, Erik}, year = {1997}, tags = {abstraction, cooperation, embodiment, information_theory, organisation, situated_action, social_science, socio_technical_systems, tools, work}, chapter = {7}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @book{bailey97_implic_relig_contem_societ_, title = {Implicit Religion in Contemporary Society}, author = {Bailey, Edward}, year = {1997}, tags = {__important, analysis, anthropology, folklore, implicit_religion, sociology}, publisher = {Kok Pharos}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi2 = {https://doi.org/10.1177}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bailey/Bailey_1997_Implicit_Religion_in_Contemporary_Societ.pdf}, } @incollection{ball97_lifel_comput_charac_, title = {Lifelike Computer Characters}, subtitle = {The Persona Project at Microsoft}, author = {Ball, Gene and Ling, Dan and Kurlander, David and Miller, John and Pugh, David and Skelly, Tim and Stankosky, Andy and Thiel, David and Van Dantzich, Maarten and Wax, Trace}, year = {1997}, tags = {believable_agents, conversational_agent, microsoft, peedy_the_parrot, persona, social_user_interface, UI}, booktitle = {Software Agents}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, numpages = {32}, pages = {191-222}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-262-52234-9}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/267985.268001}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ball/Ball_1997_Lifelike_Computer_Characters_The_Person.pdf}, crossref = {bradshaw97_softw_agent_}, } @book{bandyopadhyay97_caste_protes_ident_colon_india_, title = {Caste, Protest and Identity in Colonial India}, subtitle = {The Namasudras of Bengal, 1872-1947}, author = {Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar}, year = {1997}, tags = {1872, 1947, caste_system, colonialism, history, identity, india, politics, protest, sociology}, publisher = {Curzon}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-7007-0626-7}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bandyopadhyay/Bandyopadhyay_1997_Caste_Protest_and_Identity_in_Colonial_.pdf}, } @article{barley97_instit_struc_18_, title = {Institutionalization and Structuration}, subtitle = {Studying the Links Between Action and Institution}, author = {Barley, Stephen R. and Tolbert, Pamela S.}, year = {1997}, tags = {action, change, institution, longitudinal, methods, organisation, social, structuration}, journal = {Organization Studies}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, abstract = {Institutional theory and structuration theory both contend that institutions and actions are inextricably linked and that institutionalization is best understood as a dynamic, ongoing process. Institutionalists, however, have pursued an empirical agenda that has largely ignored how institutions are created, altered, and reproduced, in part, because their models of institutionalization as a pro cess are underdeveloped. Structuration theory, on the other hand, largely remains a process theory of such abstraction that it has generated few empirical studies. This paper discusses the similarities between the two theories, develops an argument for why a fusion of the two would enable institutional theory to significantly advance, develops a model of institutionalization as a structuration process, and proposes methodological guidelines for investigating the process empirically.}, invalid_isbn = {01708406}, issn = {0170-8406}, pages = {93–117}, pdf_locked = {False}, pmid = {9709106244}, doi = {10.1177/017084069701800106}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/017084069701800106}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Barley/Barley_1997_Institutionalization_and_Structuration.pdf}, } @article{barley97_links_between_action_instit_18_, title = {The Links Between Action and Institution}, author = {Barley, Strephen R. and Tolbert, Pamela S}, year = {1997}, tags = {institution, longitudinal, methods, organisation, social_action, structuration}, journal = {Organization Studies}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, abstract = {Institutional theory and structuration theory both contend that institutions and actions are inextricably linked and that institutionalization is best understood as a dynamic, ongoing process. Institutionalists, however, have pursued an empirical agenda that has largely ignored how institutions are created, altered, and reproduced, in part, because their models of institutionalization as a pro- cess are underdeveloped. Structuration theory, on the other hand, largely remains a process theory of such abstraction that it has generated few empirical studies. This paper discusses the similarities between the two theories, develops an argument for why a fusion of the two would enable institutional theory to significantly advance, develops a model of institutionalization as a structuration process, and proposes methodological guidelines for investigating the process empirically. Descriptors:}, pages = {93–117}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Barley/Barley_1997_The_Links_Between_Action_and_Institution.pdf}, } @manual{barras97__coq_proof_assis_refer_manual_, title = {The Coq Proof Assistant Reference Manual}, author = {Barras, Bruno and Boutin, Samuel and Cornes, Cristina and Courant, Judicaël and Filliâtre, Jean-christophe and Giménez, Eduardo and Herbelin, Hugo and Huet, Gérard and Muñoz, César and Murthy, Chetan and Barras, Bruno and Boutin, Samuel and Cornes, Cristina and Courant, Judicaël and Filliâtre, Jean-christophe}, year = {1997}, tags = {calculus, coq, logic, proof, specification, text_book}, number = {6.1}, institution = {INRIA}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00069968}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Barras/Barras_1997_The_Coq_Proof_Assistant_Reference_Manual.pdf}, } @inproceedings{barriram97_plans_situat_action_, title = {Plans as Situated Action}, subtitle = {An Activity Theory Approach to Workflow Systems}, author = {Barriram, Jakob E}, year = {1997}, tags = {activity_theory, CSCW, plan, situated_action, situated_planning, workflow}, booktitle = {Computer Supported Cooperative Work}, pages = {17–32}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Barriram/Barriram_1997_Plans_as_Situated_Action.pdf}, } @article{berg97_multip_bodies_medic_recor_38_, title = {The Multiple Bodies of the Medical Record}, subtitle = {Toward a Sociology of an Artifact}, author = {Berg, Marc and Bowker, Geoffrey}, year = {1997}, tags = {artifacts, medicine, michel_foucault, sociology}, journal = {The Sociological Quarterly}, volume = {38}, number = {3}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121157}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Berg/Berg_1997_The_Multiple_Bodies_of_the_Medical_Recor.pdf}, } @article{black97_pet_measur_dopam_d2_recep_17_, title = {Pet Measurement of Dopamine D2 Receptor-Mediated Changes in Striatopallidal Function.}, author = {Black, K J and Gado, M H and Perlmutter, J S}, year = {1997}, tags = {baboon, dopamine, neuro_chemistry, PET}, journal = {The Journal of Neuroscience}, volume = {17}, number = {9}, abstract = {This study was designed to validate an in vivo measurement of the functional sensitivity of basal ganglia neuronal circuits containing dopamine D2 receptors. We hypothesized that a D2 agonist would decrease striatopallidal neuronal activity, and hence regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) over the axon terminals in the globus pallidus. Quantitative pallidal blood flow was measured using positron emission tomography (PET) with bolus injections of H215O and arterial sampling in six baboons before and after intravenous administration of the selective D2 agonist U91356a. We also tested whether the response to U91356a was modified by previous acute administration of various antagonists. Another baboon had serial measurements of blood flow under identical conditions, but received no dopaminergic drugs. In all animals that received U91356a, pallidal flow decreased in a dose-related manner. Global CBF had a similar response, but the decline in pallidal flow was greater in magnitude and remained significant after accounting for the global effect. A D2 antagonist, but not antagonists of D1, serotonin-2, or peripheral D2 receptors, prevented this decrease. This work demonstrates and validates an in vivo measure of the sensitivity of D2-mediated basal ganglia pathways. It also supports the hypothesis that activation of the indirect striatopallidal pathway, previously demonstrated using nonselective D2-like agonists, can be mediated specifically by D2 receptors. We speculate that the U91356a-PET technique may prove useful in detecting functional abnormalities of D2-mediated dopaminergic function in diseases such as parkinsonism, dystonia, Tourette syndrome, or schizophrenia.}, issn = {0270-6474}, month = {may}, pages = {3168–77}, pdf_locked = {False}, pmid = {9096151}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9096151}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Black/Black_1997_Pet_Measurement_of_Dopamine_D2_Receptor_.pdf}, } @article{blizard97_masoc_sadis_ego_states_2_, title = {Masochistic and Sadistic Ego States}, subtitle = {Dissociative Solutions To the Dilemma of Attachment To an Abusive Caretaker}, author = {Blizard, Ruth A}, year = {1997}, tags = {abuse, caretaker, masochism, psychology, sadism, trauma}, journal = {Journal of Trauma and Dissociation}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, abstract = {A theory describing the development of alternating, dissociated, victim/masochistic and perpetrator/sadistic ego states in persons who grew up with abusive primary caretakers will be proposed and a paradigm for treatment will be derived from the theory. Alternating ego states can be observed throughout the spectrum of dissociative disorders, from Borderline Personality to Dissociative Identity Disorder. Dependence on an abusive caretaker creates a series of relational dilemmas for the child. To maintain attachment, abuse must be dissociated, but to protect the self from abuse, need for attachment must be disavowed. Disorganized attachment may result. Incompatible internal working models, using parallel masochistic and sadistic defensive strategies, may be developed and elaborated into ego states. Masochistic and sadistic defenses are ultimately maladaptive, because they require dissociation of need for either self-protection or attachment. Each defensive attempt at resolving a relational dilemma leads to another impasse, a change in defensive strategy, and perhaps a shift in ego state. When alternating ego states are understood as evolving from defensive schemas developed to negotiate the dilemmas of attachment to an abuser, the following therapeutic techniques can be derived: (1) identifying adaptive needs and maladaptive defenses, (2) interpreting ego state switches as attempts to resolve relational dilemmas, (3) gradually bridging dissociation between states, (4) using transference and countertransference to understand relational patterns, and (5) cultivating more adaptive interpersonal skills within the therapeutic relationship. { extcopyright}2001 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.].}, issn = {15299732 (ISSN)}, pages = {37–58}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1300/J229v02n04_03}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Blizard/Blizard_1997_Masochistic_and_Sadistic_Ego_States.pdf}, } @book{bloor04__wittg_rules_instit_, title = {Wittgenstein, Rules, and Institutions}, author = {Bloor, David}, year = {1997}, tags = {institution, ludwig_wittgenstein, rule, social_behaviour, von_mises}, publisher = {Routledge}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-415-16147-9}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bloor/Wittgenstein Rules and Institutions.pdf}, } @book{bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_, title = {Social Science, Technical Systems, and Cooperative Work}, subtitle = {Beyond the Great Divide}, editor = {Bowker, Geoffrey and Star, Susan Leigh and Gasser, Les and Turner, William}, year = {1997}, tags = {cooperation, information_theory, social_science, socio_technical_systems}, edition = {Reprint}, publisher = {Psychology Press}, invalid_isbn = {78080582402}, pdf_locked = {False}, series = {Computers, Cognition and Work Series}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bowker/Bowker_1997_Social_Science_Technical_Systems_and_C.pdf}, } @standard{bradner97__rfc_, title = {RFC 2119}, author = {Bradner, Scott}, year = {1997}, tags = {deontic, imperatives, RFC2119, technical_standards}, identifier = {2119}, institution = {IETF}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bradner/Bradner_1997_RFC_2119.pdf}, } @incollection{bradshaw97_kaos_, title = {KAoS}, subtitle = {Toward an Industrial-Strength Open Agent Architecture}, author = {Bradshaw, Jeffrey M. and Dutfield, Stewart and Benoit, Pete and Woolley, John D.}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, design, information_retrieval, KAoS, situational_knowledge, software_engineering}, booktitle = {Software Agents}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, numpages = {44}, pages = {375-418}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-262-52234-9}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/267985.268008}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bradshaw/Bradshaw_1997_KAoS_Toward_an_Industrial_Strength_Open.pdf}, crossref = {bradshaw97_softw_agent_}, } @book{bradshaw97_softw_agent_, title = {Software Agents}, editor = {Bradshaw, Jeffrey M.}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, artificial_intelligence, design, HCI}, booktitle = {Software Agents}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, isbn = {0-262-52234-9}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/267985}, } @inproceedings{bretier97_, title = {A rational agent as the kernel of a cooperative spoken dialogue system}, subtitle = {Implementing a logical theory of interaction}, author = {Bretier, Philippe and Sadek, David}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, ARTIMIS, belief, communication, intention, interaction, MAS, multi_agent_systems, multi_modal, rationality, theorem_proving, uncertainty}, booktitle = {Intelligent Agents III Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages}, pages = {189-203}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1007/bfb0013586}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0013586}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Bretier/Bretier_1997_A_rational_agent_as_the_kernel_of_a_coop.pdf}, } @article{brogan97_group_behav_system_with_signif_dynam_4_, title = {Group Behaviors for Systems With Significant Dynamics}, author = {Brogan, David C and Hodgins, Jessica K}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, algorithm, artificial_intelligence, complex_systems, groups, herds, MAS, multi_agent_systems, social}, journal = {Autonomous Robots}, volume = {4}, pages = {137–153}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Brogan/Brogan_1997_Group_Behaviors_for_Systems_With_Signifi.pdf}, } @misc{burton97_melan_death_oyster_boy_other_stories_, title = {The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Stories}, author = {Burton, Tim}, year = {1997}, tags = {fiction, gothic, humour, poetry}, abstract = {From breathtaking stop-action animation to bittersweet modern fairy tales, filmmaker Tim Burton has become known for his unique visual brilliance – witty and macabre at once. Now he gives birth to a cast of gruesomely sympathetic children { extendash} misunderstood outcasts who struggle to find love and belonging in their cruel, cruel worlds. His lovingly lurid illustrations evoke both the sweetness and the tragedy of these dark yet simple beings { extendash} hopeful, hapless heroes who appeal to the ugly outsider in all of us, and let us laugh at a world we have long left behind (mostly anyway).}, invalid_isbn = {ISBN 0-688-15681-9}, pages = {115}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Burton/Burton_1997_The_Melancholy_Death_of_Oyster_Boy_Oth.pdf}, } @manual{cain97__vault_dwell_surviv_guide_, title = {Vault Dweller's Survival Guide}, author = {Cain, Tim}, year = {1997}, tags = {fallout, video_games}, institution = {Interplay Entertainment}, url = {https://archive.org/details/FALLOUT_SURVIVAL_GUIDE/}, } @article{cesa-bianchi97_how_to_use_exper_advic_44_, title = {How To Use Expert Advice}, author = {Cesa-Bianchi, Nicolò and Freund, Yoav and Haussler, David and Helmbold, David P. and Schapire, Robert E. and Warmuth, Manfred K.}, year = {1997}, tags = {algorithm, efficiency, error, prediction_strategies}, journal = {Journal of the ACM}, volume = {44}, number = {3}, issn = {00045411}, month = {may}, pages = {427–485}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1145/258128.258179}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=258128.258179}, file = {1900/1990/1997/CesaBianchi/CesaBianchi_1997_How_To_Use_Expert_Advice.pdf}, } @book{chambers97__warham_storm_of_vengean_, title = {Warhammer 40,000 Storm Of Vengeance}, author = {Chambers, Andy and Kettlewell, Andrew and Johnson, Jervis and Thorpe, Gavin}, year = {1997}, tags = {40k, rule_book}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Games Workshop}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Chambers/40K 2e - Storm of Vengeance.pdf}, } @article{clark97_dogmas_under_23_, title = {Dogmas of Understanding}, author = {Clark, Herbert H.}, year = {1997}, tags = {common_ground, dogma, language, linguistics, NLP, taxonomy, understanding}, journal = {Discourse Processes}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, pages = {567–598}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Clark/Clark_1997_Dogmas_of_Understanding.pdf}, } @manual{clips97_clips_applic_abstr_, title = {CLIPS Application Abstract}, author = {CLIPS}, year = {1997}, tags = {CLIPS, example, expert_system, production_system, rule_engine, software_engineering}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://www.clipsrules.net/}, file = {1900/1990/1997/CLIPS/CLIPS_1997_CLIPS_Application_Abstract.pdf}, } @article{corruble97_induc_discov_causes_scurv_91_, title = {Induction and the Discovery of the Causes of Scurvy}, subtitle = {A Computational Reconstruction}, author = {Corruble, Vincent and Ganascia, Jean-Gabriel}, year = {1997}, tags = {computational_reconstruction, discovery, induction, inductive_bias, medicine, scurvy}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {205-223}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00014-3}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00014-3}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Corruble/Corruble_1997_Induction_and_the_Discovery_of_the_Cause.pdf}, } @book{crawford97_art_game_desig_, title = {The Art of Game Design}, author = {Crawford, Chris}, year = {1997}, tags = {game_design, text_book}, booktitle = {Computer}, publisher = {Osborne/McGraw-Hill}, abstract = {The central premise of this book is that computer games constitute a new and as yet poorly developed art form that holds great promise for both designers and players. This premise may seem laughable or flippant. How could anybody classify the likes of SPACE INVADERS and PAC MAN as art? How can TEMPEST or MISSILE COMMAND compare with Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, Michelangelo's Pieta, or Hemingway's A Farewell To Arms? Computer games are too trivial, too frivolous to be called art. They are idle recreation at best. So says the skeptic. But we cannot relegate computer games to the cesspit of pop culture solely on the evidence of the current crop of games. The industry is too young and the situation is too dynamic for us to dismiss computer games so easily. We must consider the potential, not the actuality. We must address the fundamental aspects of computer games to achieve a conclusion that will withstand the ravages of time and change. There are many definitions of art, few of which make much sense to the uninitiated. I will present my own pedestrian definition: art is something designed to evoke emotion through fantasy. The artist presents his audience with a set of sensory experiences that stimulates commonly shared fantasies, and so generates emotions. Art is made possible only by the richness of the fantasy world we share. Art is nevertheless difficult, because there are so many practical problems associated with stimulating fantasies deep inside another person's mind. A major problem is getting the attention or participation of the audience. Most art allows very little participation. You sit quietly and listen to music that other people created and perform, or you stroll through a museum and stare at pictures or statues other people made. You sit passively and read a novel, or a poem, or a short story. With all of these art forms, the role of the audience is passive. The artist does all the active work, makes the biggest emotional investment. The audience is expected to absorb quietly the fruits of the artist's exertions. Active participation is severely curtailed. Without participation, attention dwindles and impact crumbles away. This is in no wise a criticism of art or artists. The technologies of art preclude participation. If we had every klutz jump into the orchestra pit, or prance on the opera stage, or slop paint with Picasso, we would have some great parties but no art. it seems the curse of art that artists can say so much in their work and most people will hear so little because they cannot participate in the art. Enter the computer. Conceived long ago, born in war, reared as the servant of business, this now adolescent technology has exploded out of the computer room and invaded shopping centers, pizza parlors, and homes. Popular characterizations of the computer alternate between the old image of the computer as omniscient, cold blooded, giant calculator, and the new image of the computer as purveyor of video thrills and 25 cent fixes. Originally developed as a number cruncher, the computer assumed a new personality when it was given graphics and sound capabilities. These capabilities gave the computer a powerful asset: it could now communicate with the human, not just in the cold and distant language of digits, but in the emotionally immediate and compelling language of images and sounds. With this capability came a new, previously undreamed of possibility: the possibility of using the computer as a medium for emotional communication art. The computer game has emerged as the prime vehicle for this medium. The computer game is an art form because it presents its audience with fantasy experiences that stimulate emotion. Unfortunately, the current generation of microcomputers cannot produce a sensory experience as rich as that produced by, say, a symphony orchestra or a movie. This weakness is more than offset by a fundamental advantage lacking in most other art forms: a game is intrinsically participatory in nature. The artist has here a tool that is more subtly indirect than traditional art. With other art forms, the artist directly creates the experience that the audience will encounter. Since this experience is carefully planned and executed, the audience must somehow be prevented from disturbing it; hence, non participation. With a game, the artist creates not the experience itself but the conditions and rules under which the audience will create its own individualized experience. The demand on the artist is greater, for s/he must plan the experience indirectly, taking into account the probable and possible actions and reactions of the audience. The return is far greater, for participation increases attention and heightens the intensity of the experience. When we passively observe someone else's artistic presentation, we derive some emotional benefit, but when we actively participate in a game, we invest a portion of our own ego into the fantasy world of the game. This more sizable investment of participation yields a commensurately greater return of emotional satisfaction. Indeed, the role of participation is so important that many people derive greater satisfaction from participating in an amateur artistic effort than from observing a professional effort. Hence, games, being intrinsically participatory, present the artist with a fantastic opportunity for reaching people. Until now, games in general and computer games in particular have not been very impressive as art forms. The computer games especially are downright puerile. This is because the technology of computer games has been in the hands of technologists, not artists. These guys (and they are almost all male) can write beautiful operating systems, languages, linking loaders, and other technological wonders, but artistic flair has heretofore been treated as subordinate to technical prowess. Another contributor to the fecklessness of our current computer games is the timidity of the marketplace. These machines are new; the public is unfamiliar with them and the manufacturers are hesitant to press the public too hard too fast. We therefore opt to build inhibited little games pathetically whispering some trivial emotion. Truly intense emotions or situations such as pathos, ecstasy, majesty, rapture, catharsis, or tragedy intimidate use. We hide behind the defense that we are in the entertainment business, not the art business, but that defense only betrays a profound misunderstanding of art. Art can be starchily elitist, but good art can also be a foot stomping blast. Elitism arises from the intellectual content of art; impact springs from its emotional honesty. Fortunately, times are changing. Already, we see a backlash developing against computer games. It expresses itself in many ways: in ordinances against the placement of arcade games in some areas, in statements by educators denouncing the games, and in more vigilant regulation of children's game activities by parents. This backlash is viewed by smaller minded members of the industry with anxiety. More visionary thinkers watch the backlash with eager interest rather than defensiveness. The American people are telling us something here, something very important. It is imporant enough to them that they are willing to compromise their traditional reluctance to interfere with other people's business. While the arguments presented in public debates normally focus on formal issues such as delinquency from school, creation of large groups of rowdy teenagers, and so forth, the concerns expressed privately reflect a distaste for the games, a vague suspicion that the games are a waste of time. You can't fool all of the people all of the time; they are beginning to realize that the world of computer games is as yet a vast wasteland. Computer games are much like candy, comic books, and cartoons. All four activities provide intense or exaggerated experiences. Whether they use sugar, exclamation points, or animated explosions, the goal is the same: to provide extreme experiences. Children appreciate these activities because their novelty value is still strong. Adults, jaded by years of experience with such things, prefer diversions with greater subtlety and depth. We thus have the panoply of culinary achievement, the vast array of literature, and the universe of movies as the adult counterparts to candy, comic books, and cartoons. Yet, we have no adult counterpart to computer games. This deficit is pregnant with possibilities, for it suggests a momentous upheaval in computer game design. This developing revolution has nothing to do with the rapid technological developments of the last few years. While technological improvements will surely continue, we are no longer hampered primarily by the limitations of the hardware. Our primary problem is that we have little theory on which to base our efforts. We don't really know what a game is, or why people play games, or what makes a game great. Real art through computer games is achievable, but it will never be achieved so long as we have no path to understanding. We need to establish our principles of aesthetics, a framework for criticism, and a model for development. New and better hardware will improve our games, but it will not guarantee our artistic success any more than the development of orchestras guaranteed the appearance of Beethoven. We are a long way from a computer game comparable to a Shakespeare play, a Tchaikowsky symphony, or a Van Gogh self portrait. Each of these artists stood on the shoulders of earlier artists who plunged into an unexplored world and mapped out its territories so that later artists could build on their work and achieve greater things. We computer game designers must put our shoulders together so that our successors may stand on top of them. This book is my contribution to that enterprise.}, issn = {ASIN: B0052QA5WU}, pages = {1–98}, pdf_locked = {False}, pmid = {12076842}, isbn = {0-88134-117-7}, url = {http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/redirect?tag=citeulike09-20&path=ASIN/0881341177}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Crawford/Crawford_1997_The_Art_of_Game_Design_0af58.pdf}, file2 = {1900/1990/1997/Crawford/Crawford_1997_The_Art_of_Game_Design.pdf}, } @article{dalrymple97_quant_anaph_inten_6_, title = {Quantifiers, Anaphora and Intensionality}, author = {Dalrymple, Mary and Lamping, John and Pereira, Fernando and Saraswat, Vijay}, year = {1997}, tags = {anaphora, grammar, intention, intentsional_verbs, linear_logic, NLP, quantification}, journal = {Journal of Logic, Language and Information}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {219-273}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1023/a:1008224124336}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Dalrymple/Dalrymple_1997_Quantifiers_Anaphora_and_Intensionality.pdf}, } @book{derrida97_polit_frien_, title = {The Politics of Friendship}, author = {Derrida, Jacques}, year = {1997}, tags = {friend, oaths, oligarchy, politics}, publisher = {Verso}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {1-84467-054-6}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Derrida/Derrida_1997_The_Politics_of_Friendship.pdf}, } @article{dimaggio97_cultur_cognit_23_, title = {Culture and Cognition}, author = {DiMaggio, Paul}, year = {1997}, tags = {action_logic, classification, cognition, culture, institution, schema, sociology, sociology_of_culture}, journal = {Annual Review of Sociology}, volume = {23}, number = {1}, publisher = {Annual Reviews}, abstract = {Recent work in cognitive psychology and social cognition bears heavily on con-cerns of sociologists of culture. Cognitive research confirms views of culture as fragmented; clarifies the roles of institutions and agency; and illuminates supra-individual aspects of culture. Individuals experience culture as disparate bits of information and as schematic structures that organize that information. Culture carried by institutions, networks, and social movements diffuses, activates, and selects among available schemata. Implications for the study of identity, collective memory, social classification, and logics of action are developed.}, pages = {263-287}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.263}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.23.1.263}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Dimaggio/Dimaggio_1997_Culture_and_Cognition.pdf}, } @article{ensminger97_chang_social_norms_38_, title = {Changing Social Norms}, subtitle = {Common Property, Bridewealth, and Class Exogamy}, author = {Ensminger, Jean and Knight, Jack}, year = {1997}, tags = {anthropology, bride_wealth, common_property, exogamy, galole_orma, norms}, journal = {Current Anthropology}, volume = {38}, number = {1}, abstract = {Much has been written on change in social norms, but with few exceptions such efforts have failed to synthesize the growing the-oretical literature with the specifics of empirical cases. At-tempting such a synthesis, we develop a theoretical framework for explaining norm emergence and change that builds on Barth's idea of generative models. We identify three mechanisms offered in the contemporary theoretical literature to account for the dy-namic process of norm change: (i) coordination on focal points, (2) competitive selection among contracts, and (3) bargaining. We investigate three examples of norm change among the Galole Orma-common property rights, bridewealth, and clan exog-amy-and show that examination of strategic decision making within the constraints presented by social context can produce adequate accounts of such change. We conclude that the primary mechanism in norm change among the Orma is bargaining and that the most important sources of such change are asymmetries in bargaining power.}, pages = {1–24}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://jee.caltech.edu/files/2011/09/6-Current-Anthropology-1997.pdf}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ensminger/Ensminger_1997_Changing_Social_Norms.pdf}, } @incollection{erickson97_desig_agent_if_peopl_matter_, title = {Designing Agents as If People Mattered}, author = {Erickson, Thomas}, year = {1997}, tags = {agent, design, ethics, HCI}, booktitle = {Software Agents}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, numpages = {18}, pages = {79-96}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-262-52234-9}, url = {http://www.pliant.org/personal/Tom_Erickson/agents.html}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Erickson/Erickson_1997_Designing_Agents_as_If_People_Mattered.pdf}, crossref = {bradshaw97_softw_agent_}, } @book{eve97_chaos_compl_sociol_, title = {Chaos, Complexity and Sociology}, subtitle = {Myths, Models and Theories}, author = {Eve, Raymond A. and Horsfall, Sara and Lee, Mary E.}, year = {1997}, tags = {chaos, complexity, non_linear, omicron_point, self_organisation, sociology}, publisher = {SAGE}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-7619-0890-0}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Eve/Eve_1997_Chaos_Complexity_and_Sociology.pdf}, } @article{fairtlough97_propos_lax_logic_137_, title = {Propositional Lax Logic}, author = {Fairtlough, Matt and Mendler, Michael}, year = {1997}, tags = {formal_verification, modal_logic, PLL, propositional_lax_logic}, journal = {Information and Computation}, volume = {137}, number = {1}, pages = {1-33}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1006/inco.1997.2627}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/inco.1997.2627}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Fairtlough/Fairtlough_1997_Propositional_Lax_Logic.pdf}, } @article{ferguson97_resul_apply_person_softw_proces_30_, title = {Results of Applying the Personal Software Process}, author = {Ferguson, Pat and Humphrey, Watts S. and Khajenoori, Soheil and Macke, Susan and Matvya, Annette}, year = {1997}, tags = {c_lang, c_plus_plus, case_study, methodology, motorola, personal_software_process, software_engineering}, journal = {Computer}, volume = {30}, number = {5}, publisher = {IEEE}, pages = {24–31}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1109/2.589907}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ferguson/Ferguson_1997_Results_of_Applying_the_Personal_Softwar.pdf}, } @report{fink97_compen_conjug_prior_, title = {A Compendium of Conjugate Priors}, author = {Fink, Daniel}, year = {1997}, tags = {conjugate_prior, math, monte_carlo, probability, review, statistics}, number = {1994}, abstract = {This report reviews conjugate priors and priors closed under sampling for a variety of data generating processes where the prior distributions are univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The effects of transformations on conjugate prior relationships are considered and cases where conjugate prior relationships can be applied under transformations are identified. Univariate and bivariate prior relationships are verified using Monte Carlo methods.}, institution = {Montana State University}, pages = {1–47}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.157.5540&rep=rep1&type=pdf}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Fink/Fink_1997_A_Compendium_of_Conjugate_Priors.pdf}, } @article{fligstein97_social_skill_instit_theor_40_, title = {Social Skill and Institutional Theory}, author = {Fligstein, Neil}, year = {1997}, tags = {action, agenda, authority, brokering, entrepreneurship, european_union, field, framing, institution, social_skill, systems, taxonomy}, journal = {American Behavioral Scientist}, volume = {40}, number = {4}, publisher = {SAGE}, pages = {397–405}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Fligstein/Fligstein_1997_Social_Skill_and_Institutional_Theory.pdf}, } @book{foucault97_ethic_, title = {Ethics}, subtitle = {Subjectivity and Truth}, author = {Foucault, Michel}, year = {1997}, tags = {biopolitics, ethics, government, hermeneutics, knowledge, psychiatry, self, society, territory, writing}, publisher = {The New Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {1-56584-352-5}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Foucault/Foucault_1997_Ethics.pdf}, } @book{foucault97_societ_must_be_defen_, title = {Society Must Be Defended}, subtitle = {Lectures at the College De France 1975-1976}, author = {Foucault, Michel}, year = {1997}, tags = {biopower, civil_war, discipline, history, institution}, edition_year = {2003}, publisher = {Picador}, pdf_locked = {False}, translator = {Macey, David}, isbn = {0-312-20318-7}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Foucault/Foucault_1997_Society_Must_Be_Defended.pdf}, } @book{franklin97_artif_minds_, title = {Artificial Minds}, author = {Franklin, Stan}, year = {1997}, tags = {artificial_intelligence, connectionism, history, symbolic_ai}, publisher = {MIT Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-262-06178-3}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Franklin/Franklin_1997_Artificial_Minds.pdf}, } @inproceedings{franklin97_is_it_, title = {Is It an agent, or just a program?}, subtitle = {A taxonomy for autonomous agents}, author = {Franklin, Stan and Graesser, Art}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, artificial_intelligence, software_engineering, taxonomy}, booktitle = {Intelligent Agents III Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages}, abstract = {The advent of software agents gave rise to much discussion of just what such an agent is, and of how they differ from programs in general. Here we propose a formal definition of an autonomous agent which clearly distinguishes a software agent from just any program. We also offer the beginnings of a natural kinds taxonomy of autonomous agents, and discuss possibilities for further classification. Finally, we discuss subagents and multiagent systems.}, arxivid = {arXiv:1501.06809v1}, issn = {1752458X}, pages = {21-35}, pdf_locked = {False}, pmid = {9847420}, isbn = {3-540-62507-0}, doi = {10.1007/bfb0013570}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0013570}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Franklin/Franklin_1997_Is_It_an_agent_or_just_a_program.pdf}, } @inproceedings{gadomski97_person_organ_, title = {Personoids Organizations}, subtitle = {An Approach To Highly Autonomous Software Architectures}, author = {Gadomski, Adam Maria}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, artificial_intelligence, decision_making, decision_support, knowledge, MAS, multi_agent_systems, organisation, personoids, preference, TOGA}, booktitle = {11th International Conference on Mathematical and Computer Modeling and Scientific Computing: Concurrent Engineering Based on Agent-Oriented and Knowledge-Oriented Approaches}, number = {April}, pages = {0–15}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://erg4146.casaccia.enea.it/hid-server/toto/pdf/(34)Personoids Organizations An Approach to Highly Autonomous Software Architectures.PDF}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Gadomski/Gadomski_1997_Personoids_Organizations.pdf}, } @article{gaines97_rethin_race_class_afric_americ_102_, title = {Rethinking Race and Class in African-American Struggles for Equality, 1885-1941}, author = {Gaines, Kevin}, year = {1997}, tags = {america, class, history, race}, journal = {The American Historical Review}, volume = {102}, number = {2}, publisher = {JSTOR}, pages = {378–387}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Gaines/Gaines_1997_Rethinking_Race_and_Class_in_African_Ame.pdf}, } @book{gamma97_desig_patter_, title = {Design Patterns}, subtitle = {Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software}, author = {Gamma, Eric and Helm, Richard and Jonson, Ralph and Vlissides, John}, year = {1997}, tags = {design, design_pattern, gang_of_four, software_engineering}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Gamma/Gamma_1997_Design_Patterns.pdf}, } @report{garg97_lattic_theor_with_applic_, title = {Lattice Theory With Applications}, author = {Garg, Vijay K}, year = {1997}, tags = {lattice, math}, institution = {University of Texas at Austin}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Garg/Garg_1997_Lattice_Theory_With_Applications.pdf}, } @incollection{genesereth97_agent_based_framew_inter_, title = {An Agent-Based Framework for Interoperability}, author = {Genesereth, Michael R.}, year = {1997}, tags = {ACL, agent, interoperability, KIF, KQML}, booktitle = {Software Agents}, publisher = {MIT Press}, address = {Cambridge, MA, USA}, numpages = {29}, pages = {317-345}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-262-52234-9}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/267985.268006}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Genesereth/Genesereth_1997_An_Agent_Based_Framework_for_Interoperab.pdf}, crossref = {bradshaw97_softw_agent_}, } @article{ghoniem97_readab_graph_using_node_link_4_, title = {On the Readability of Graphs Using Node-Link and Matrix-Based Representations}, subtitle = {A Controlled Experiment and Statistical Analysis}, author = {Ghoniem, Mohammad and Fekete, Jean Daniel and Castagliola, Philippe}, year = {1997}, tags = {graph, HCI, methods, readability, UI, visualisation}, journal = {Information Visualization}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, abstract = {In this article, we describe a taxonomy of generic graph related tasks along with a computer-based evaluation designed to assess the readability of two representations of graphs: matrix-based representations and node-link dia-grams. This evaluation encompasses seven generic tasks and leads to insightful recommendations for the representation of graphs according to their size and density. Typically, we show that when graphs are bigger than twenty vertices, the matrix-based visualization outperforms node-link diagrams on most tasks. Only path finding is consistently in favor of node-link diagrams throughout the evaluation.}, invalid_isbn = {0780387793}, issn = {14738724}, pages = {114–135}, pdf_locked = {False}, pmid = {592796051}, doi = {10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500092}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ghoniem/Ghoniem_1997_On_the_Readability_of_Graphs_Using_Node_.pdf}, } @inbook{goguen97__towar_social_ethic_theor_infor_, title = {Toward a Social, Ethical Theory of Information}, author = {Goguen, Joseph A.}, year = {1997}, tags = {__important, complex_systems, cooperation, design, discourse_analysis, ethics, ethnomethodology, information_theory, reconciliation, semiotics, social_context, social_interaction, social_science, socio_technical_systems, tacit_knowledge, taxonomy, theory_of_information}, chapter = {2}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Goguen/Goguen_1997_Towards_a_Social_Ethical_Theory_of_Info.pdf}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @book{haiken97__venus_envy_, title = {Venus Envy}, subtitle = {A History of Cosmetic Surgery}, author = {Haiken, Elizabeth}, year = {1997}, tags = {beauty, consumer_culture, cosmetic_surgery, feminism, history, identity, inferiority_complex, michael_jackson}, publisher = {Johns Hopkins University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-8018-6254-X}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Haiken/Venus Envy - A History of Cosmetic Surgery.pdf}, } @book{hartman97_scenes_subjec_, title = {Scenes of Subjection}, subtitle = {Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America}, author = {Hartman, Saidiya V.}, year = {1997}, tags = {19th_century, enjoyment, power, slavery, suffering, terror, USA}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-19-508983-9}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Hartman/Hartman_1997_Scenes_of_Subjection.pdf}, } @inproceedings{hearst97_textt_, title = {TextTiling}, subtitle = {Segmenting text into multi-paragraph subtopic passages}, author = {Hearst, Marti A.}, year = {1997}, tags = {algorithm, discourse, NLP, text_tiling}, booktitle = {Computational linguistics}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=972687}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Hearst/Hearst_1997_TextTiling.pdf}, } @inbook{hooks97_sellin_hot_pussy_, title = {Selling Hot Pussy}, subtitle = {Representations of Black Female Sexuality in the Cultural Marketplace}, author = {Hooks, Bell}, year = {1997}, tags = {black_feminism, feminism, race, sexuality}, booktitle = {Black Looks: Race and Representation}, publisher = {South End Press}, chapter = {8}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Hooks/Hooks_1997_Selling_Hot_Pussy.pdf}, } @book{horan97_porcel_god_, title = {The Porcelain God}, subtitle = {A Social History of the Toilet}, author = {Horan, Julie L.}, year = {1997}, tags = {history, hygiene, public_toilet, social_history, toilets, victorian}, publisher = {Citadel Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-8065-1947-9}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Horan/Horan_1997_The_Porcelain_God.pdf}, } @book{humphrey97_introd_person_softw_proces_, title = {Introduction to the Personal Software Process}, author = {Humphrey, Watts S.}, year = {1997}, tags = {defects, design, personal_software_process, product_planning, PSP, software_engineering, time_management}, publisher = {Addison-Wesley}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-201-54809-7}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Humphrey/Humphrey_1997_Introduction_to_the_Personal_Software_Pr.pdf}, } @book{inwood97_heideg_, title = {Heidegger}, subtitle = {A Very Short Introduction}, author = {Inwood, Michael}, year = {1997}, tags = {dasein, existentialism, introduction, martin_heidegger, philosophy, time}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, series = {Very Short Introductions}, isbn = {0-19-285410-0}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Inwood/Inwood_1997_Heidegger.pdf}, } @article{jong97_comput_revol_scien_91_, title = {The Computer Revolution in Science}, subtitle = {Steps Towards the Realization of Computer-Supported Discovery Environments}, author = {de Jong, Hidde and Rip, Arie}, year = {1997}, tags = {__important, computational_social_science, computer_supported_discovery_environments, discovery, HCI}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {225-256}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00011-8}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00011-8}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Jong/Jong_1997_The_Computer_Revolution_in_Science.pdf}, } @book{josephson97_new_atlan_, title = {New Atlantis revisited}, subtitle = {Akademgorodok, the Siberian city of science}, author = {Josephson, Paul R}, year = {1997}, tags = {akademgorodok, communism, history, history_of_science, russia, science, siberia}, publisher = {Princeton University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Josephson/Josephson_1997_New_Atlantis_revisited.pdf}, } @book{kant97_lectur_ethic_, title = {Lectures on Ethics}, author = {Kant, Immanuel}, year = {1997}, tags = {metaphysics, morality, philosophy}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, translator = {Heath, Peter}, isbn = {0-521-56061-6}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Kant/Kant_1997_Lectures_on_Ethics.pdf}, } @inbook{keller97__under_work_explan_system_, title = {Understanding of Work and Explanation of Systems}, author = {Keller, Kurt D.}, year = {1997}, tags = {cooperation, CSCW, information_theory, methodology, organisation, social_process, social_science, socio_technical_systems, work}, chapter = {18}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @book{khalidi97__pales_ident_, title = {Palestinian Identity}, subtitle = {The Construction of Modern National Consciousness}, author = {Khalidi, Rashid}, year = {1997}, tags = {history, identity, ottoman_empire, palestine, zionism}, publisher = {Columbia University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {978-0-231-15075-0}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Khalidi/Palestinian Identity - The Construction of Modern National Consciousness.pdf}, } @inproceedings{kiczales97_aspec_, title = {Aspect-oriented programming}, author = {Kiczales, Gregor and Lamping, John and Mendhekar, Anurag and Maeda, Chris and Lopes, Cristina and Loingtier, Jean-Marc and Irwin, John}, year = {1997}, tags = {AOP, aspect, crosscuts, design, programming, prototype}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP}, journal = {ECOOP'97 - Object-Oriented Programming}, abstract = {Contrast media-associated nephrotoxicity (CM-AN) continues to be a common cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. This review of CM-AN discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, incidence, risk factors with an emphasis on pre-existing renal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus, volume of contrast media, low osmolar versus high osmolar contrast media, and prophylaxis. Although the literature contains an abundance of information concerning CM-AN, areas of uncertainty remain in respect to clinical significance, risk with modem day radiological techniques and contrast media, optimal prophylactic regimens, and criteria for creatinine screening before contrast media administration.}, pages = {220-242}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1007/bfb0053381}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0053381}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Kiczales/Kiczales_1997_Aspect_oriented_programming.pdf}, } @article{labov97_narrat_analy_7_, title = {Narrative Analysis}, subtitle = {Oral Version of Personal Experience}, author = {Labov, William and Waletzky, Joshua}, year = {1997}, tags = {analysis, narrative, personal_experience, phenomenology}, journal = {Journal of Narrative and Life History}, volume = {7}, number = {1-4}, pages = {3–38}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Labov/Labov_1997_Narrative_Analysis.pdf}, } @incollection{labrou97_seman_conver_agent_commun_languag_, title = {Semantics and Conversations for an Agent Communications Language}, author = {Labrou, Yannis and Finnin, Tim}, year = {1997}, tags = {agent_communication_language, communication, conversation, KQML, semantics}, booktitle = {Readings in Agents}, publisher = {Morgan Kaufmann}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/cs/9809034}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Labrou/Labrou_1997_Semantics_and_Conversations_for_an_Agent.pdf}, } @book{leavitt97_typhoid_mary_, title = {Typhoid Mary}, subtitle = {Captive to the Publics Health}, author = {Leavitt, Judith Walzer}, year = {1997}, tags = {AIDS, discrimination, history, mary_mallon, public_health, typhoid, typhoid_mary}, publisher = {Beacon Press}, isbn = {978-0-8070-2103-3}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Leavitt/Leavitt_1997_Typhoid_Mary.epub}, } @article{ledesma97_comput_approac_to_georg_booles_91_, title = {A Computational Approach To George Boole's Discovery of Mathematical Logic}, author = {de Ledesma, Luis and Pérez, Aurora and Borrajo, Daniel and Laita, Luis M.}, year = {1997}, tags = {boolean, computational_model, discovery, george_boole, logic, mathematics}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {281-307}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00017-9}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00017-9}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ledesma/Ledesma_1997_A_Computational_Approach_To_George_Boole.pdf}, } @book{lem97__stanis_lem_reader_, title = {A Stanislaw Lem Reader}, editor = {Lem, Stanislaw and Swirski, Peter}, year = {1997}, tags = {science_fiction}, publisher = {Northwestern University Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-8101-1495-X}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Lem/Lem_1997_A_Stanislaw_Lem_Reader.pdf}, } @book{lemert97_goffm_reader_, title = {The Goffman Reader}, author = {Lemert, Charles}, year = {1997}, tags = {dramaturgy, erving_goffman, frame_analysis, gender, identity, institution, psychology, ritual, self_presentation, social_life, social_roles, social_structure, sociology, stigma}, publisher = {John Wiley & Sons}, isbn = {978-1-55786-894-7}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Lemert/Lemert_1997_The_Goffman_Reader.epub}, } @book{liebowitz97_, title = {The handbook of applied expert systems}, author = {Liebowitz, Jay}, year = {1997}, tags = {case_based_reasoning, constraints, expert_system, knowledge_engineering, programming, text_book, unification}, booktitle = {Expert Systems}, publisher = {CRC Press}, abstract = {The Handbook of Applied Expert Systems is a landmark work dedicated solely to this rapidly advancing area of study. Edited by Jay Liebowitz, a professor, author, and consultant known around the world for his work in the field, this authoritative source covers the latest expert system technologies, applications, methodologies, and practices. The book features contributions from more than 40 of the world's foremost expert systems authorities in industry, government, and academia. The Handbook is organized into two major sections. The first section explains expert systems technologies while the second section focuses on applied examples in a wide variety of industries. Key topics covered include fuzzy systems, genetic algorithm development, machine learning, knowledge representation, and much more.}, pages = {736}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-8493-3106-4}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=524135}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Liebowitz/Liebowitz_1997_The_handbook_of_applied_expert_systems.pdf}, } @thesis{loyall97_believ_agent_, title = {Believable Agents}, subtitle = {Building Interactive Personalities}, author = {Loyall, a Bryan}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, artificial_intelligence, believable_agents, dissertation, Hap, NLP, Oz}, number = {CMU-CS-97-123}, institution = {Carnegie Mellon University}, pdf_locked = {False}, type = {phd}, url = {https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA327862}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Loyall/Loyall_1997_Believable_Agents.pdf}, } @article{macdonald97__use_motif_type_index_teach_34_, title = {Use of Motif and Type Indexes by Teachers, Storytellers, and Children's Librarians}, author = {MacDonald, Margaret Read}, year = {1997}, tags = {folklore, motif_index}, journal = {Journal of Folklore Research}, volume = {34}, number = {3}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3814896}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Macdonald/MacDonald_1997_Use_of_Motif_and_Type_Indexes_by_Teacher.pdf}, } @article{maus97_narrat_drama_emotion_instr_music_55_, title = {Narrative, Drama, and Emotion in Instrumental Music}, author = {Maus, Fred Everett}, year = {1997}, tags = {drama, emotion, music}, journal = {Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism}, volume = {55}, number = {3}, abstract = {Reviews several essays that are formulated in terms of analogies between music and narrative, among them Edward T. Cone, Three ways of reading a detective story–or a Brahms intermezzo from his Music: A view from Delft (RILM 1989-4539), and Leo Treitler, Mozart and the idea of absolute music from his Music and the historical imagination (RILM 1989-5310). Ways in which a literary analogy can interact with considerations about the arousal of emotion and with considerations about the ascription of emotions to music are discussed. Several essays are examined for their relation to the traditional aesthetic dichotomy between emotional aspects of music and technical or formal solutions. In this specific comparison, Treitler's essay emerges as more challenging and innovative than the others.}, invalid_isbn = {0021-8529}, issn = {0021-8529}, pages = {293–303}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.2307/431799}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/431799}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Maus/Maus_1997_Narrative_Drama_and_Emotion_in_Instrum.pdf}, } @thesis{mccain97_causal_common_reason_action_, title = {Causality in Commonsense Reasoning about Actions}, author = {McCain, Norman Clayton}, year = {1997}, tags = {action, causality, concurrency, dissertation, logic, nondeterminism, reasoning, satisfiability_planning}, institution = {University of Texas at Austin}, pdf_locked = {False}, type = {phd}, url = {https://www.cs.utexas.edu/ftp/techreports/tr97-25.pdf}, file = {1900/1990/1997/McCain/McCain_1997_Causality_in_Commonsense_Reasoning_about.pdf}, } @article{menzies97_knowl_maint_14_, title = {Knowledge Maintenance}, subtitle = {The State of the Art}, author = {Menzies, Tim}, year = {1997}, tags = {action, behaviour, knowledge_engineering, maintenance, meta, recovery, taxonomy}, journal = {Knowledge Engineering Review}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, abstract = {In the software and knowledge engineering literature we can find maintenance strategies offered to maintain seven main types of knowledge: words; sentences; behavioral knowledge; and meta-knowledge. Meta-knowledge divides into problem solving methods, quality knowledge, fix knowledge, social knowledge and processing activities. There are five main ways in which these seven knowledge types are processed: acquire, operationalize, fault, fix and preserve. We review systems that contribute to these 7 * 5 = 35 types of knowledge maintenance to make the following conclusions. First, open issues with the current maintenance research are identified. These include (a) areas that are not being addressed by any researcher; (b) the recursive maintenance problem; and (c) drawbacks with rapid acquire systems and the operationalization KM assumption. Secondly, a process is described for commissioning a new maintenance tool. Thirdly, a general common principle for maintenance (search-space reflection) is isolated.}, issn = {02698889}, pages = {1–46}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1017/S0269888999134052}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Menzies/Menzies_1997_Knowledge_Maintenance.pdf}, } @inproceedings{meuter97_monad_as_theor_found_aop_97_, title = {Monads As a Theoretical Foundation for Aop}, author = {Meuter, Wolfgang De}, year = {1997}, tags = {AOP, aspect, haskell, lisp, monads}, booktitle = {International Workshop on Aspect-Oriented Programming at ECOOP}, volume = {97}, pages = {1–6}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://soft.vub.ac.be/Publications/1997/vub-prog-tr-97-10.pdf}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Meuter/Meuter_1997_Monads_As_a_Theoretical_Foundation_for_A.pdf}, } @book{mitchell97_machin_learn_, title = {Machine Learning}, author = {Mitchell, Tom M.}, year = {1997}, tags = {machine_learning, text_book}, publisher = {McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Mitchell/Mitchell_1997_Machine_Learning.pdf}, } @book{nagle97_whores_, title = {Whores and other feminists}, author = {Nagle, Jill}, year = {1997}, tags = {feminism, prostitution, whores}, publisher = {Routledge}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-415-91821-9}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Nagle/Nagle_1997_Whores_and_other_feminists.pdf}, } @article{nederveen97_multic_museum_14_, title = {Multiculturalism and Museums}, subtitle = {Discourse About Others in the Age of Globalization}, author = {Nederveen Pieterse, Jan}, year = {1997}, tags = {agenda, culture, globalization, identity, multi_culturalism, museum, power}, journal = {Theory, Culture & Society}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {123–146}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Nederveen/Nederveen_1997_Multiculturalism_and_Museums.pdf}, } @article{noriega97_agent_mediat_auction_, title = {Agent Mediated Auctions}, subtitle = {The Fishmarket Metaphor}, author = {Noriega, Pablo}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, auctions, dissertation, fish_market, institution, MAS, multi_agent_systems}, journal = {Inform}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Noriega/Noriega_1997_Agent_Mediated_Auctions.pdf}, } @article{parunak97_go_to_ant_75_, title = {“Go To the Ant”}, subtitle = {Engineering Principles From Natural Multi-Agent Systems.}, author = {Parunak, H. Van Dyke}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, ants, complex_systems, distributed_systems, insects, MAS, multi_agent_systems, software_engineering, taxonomy}, journal = {Annals of Operations Research}, volume = {75}, pages = {69-101}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1023/a:1018980001403}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Parunak/Parunak_1997_Go_To_the_Ant.pdf}, } @inproceedings{pevzner97_critiq_improv_evaluat_metric_text_segmen_, title = {A Critique and Improvement of an Evaluation Metric for Text Segmentation}, author = {Pevzner, Lev and Hearst, Marti A.}, year = {1997}, tags = {evaluation, metrics, NLP, p_k_metric, text_segmentation, WindowDiff}, booktitle = {ACL}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Pevzner/Pevzner_1997_A_Critique_and_Improvement_of_an_Evaluat.pdf}, } @book{pickstock97__codex_assas_, title = {Codex Assassins}, author = {Pickstock, Ian and Chambers, Andy}, year = {1997}, tags = {40k, codex, rule_book}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Games Workshop}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {1-872372-05-8}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Pickstock/Assassins (2ed).pdf}, file2 = {1900/1990/1997/Pickstock/40K 2e - Codex - Assassins.pdf}, } @book{pirinen97__realm_chaos_, title = {Realm of Chaos}, author = {Pirinen, Tuomas and Priestley, Rick}, year = {1997}, tags = {rule_book, table_top_game, warhammer}, edition = {5}, publisher = {Games Workshop}, pdf_locked = {False}, series = {Warhammer Fantasy Battle}, isbn = {1-872372-60-0}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Pirinen/Realm of Chaos (5ed).pdf}, } @inbook{poitou97__build_collec_knowl_manag_system_, title = {Building a Collective Knowledge Management System}, subtitle = {Knowledge-Editing Versus Knowledge-Eliciting Techniques}, author = {Poitou, Jean-Pierre}, year = {1997}, tags = {collective_knowledge, cooperation, division_of_labour, expertise, information_theory, knowledge_elicitation, knowledge_management, pierre_bourdieu, social_science, socio_technical_systems}, chapter = {10}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @book{pratchett97_jingo_, title = {Jingo}, author = {Pratchett, Terry}, year = {1997}, tags = {diplomacy, discworld, jingoism, racism, sam_vimes, the_watch, war, xenophobia}, publisher = {Victor Gollancz}, isbn = {0-575-06540-0}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Pratchett/Pratchett_1997_Jingo.epub}, } @inproceedings{reilly97_, title = {A methodology for building believable social agents}, author = {Reilly, W. Scott Neal}, year = {1997}, tags = {artificial_intelligence, authoring, behaviour, believable_agents, character, methods, Oz, personality}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents - AGENTS '97}, number = {c}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1145/267658.267683}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/267658.267683}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Reilly/Reilly_1997_A_methodology_for_building_believable_so.pdf}, } @book{resnick97__turtl_termit_and_traff_jams_, title = {Turtles, Termites, And Traffic Jams}, subtitle = {Explorations In Massively Parallel Microworlds}, author = {Resnick, Mitchel}, year = {1997}, tags = {ABM, ant_colony, constructionism, ecology, LEGO, Logo, microworlds, netlogo, simulation, slime_mold}, edition_year = {1998}, publisher = {MIT Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, series = {Complex Adaptive Systems}, isbn = {0-262-18162-2}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Resnick/Resnick Turtles termites and traffic jams.pdf}, } @inproceedings{rigas97_use_music_graph_inter_visual_impair_, title = {The Use of Music in a Graphical Interface for the Visually Impaired}, author = {Rigas, D.I. and Alty, J.L.}, year = {1997}, tags = {AUDIOGRAPH, HCI, interface, music, UI, visual_impairment}, booktitle = {Interantional Conference on Human- Computer Interaction}, abstract = {The possibility of using music to communicate information of a spatial nature to visually impaired users is explored. The development of a tool -the AUDIOGRAPH -which enables visually impaired users to appreciate and manipulate objects contained in a graphical area is described. Early results show that the musical metaphors used did successfully communicate the general spatial layout and the types of objects contained in the space. Music was also successfully used to control the interface.}, pages = {228–235}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-412-80950-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-0-387-35175-9_40}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Rigas/Rigas_1997_The_Use_of_Music_in_a_Graphical_Interfac.pdf}, } @article{roberts97_refac_tool_small_3_, title = {A Refactoring Tool for Smalltalk}, author = {Roberts, Don and Brant, John and Johnson, Ralph}, year = {1997}, tags = {HCI, programming, refactoring, smalltalk, software_engineering, UI}, journal = {Theory and Practice of Object Systems}, volume = {3}, number = {4}, pages = {253-263}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1002/(sici)1096-9942(1997)3:4<253::aid-tapo3>3.0.co;2-t}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9942(1997)3:4<253::AID-TAPO3>3.0.CO;2-T}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Roberts/Roberts_1997_A_Refactoring_Tool_for_Smalltalk.pdf}, } @inproceedings{robertson97_cooper_work_lived_cognit_, title = {Cooperative Work and Lived Cognition}, subtitle = {A Taxonomy of Embodied Actions}, author = {Robertson, Toni}, year = {1997}, tags = {__printed, CSCW, embodied_action, embodiment, taxonomy, workplace}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fifth European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work}, number = {May}, abstract = {Based on a field study of cooperative design in a distributed company, this paper identifies and defines the embodied actions of the designers that enabled a cooperative design process. These actions are considered as classes of cognitive practices that are simultaneously available to the actor and others in a shared physical workspace. The public availability of these actions to the perceptions of the participants in a cooperative process enables their communicative functions A taxonomy of embodied actions is developed as a bridging structure between the field study of cooperative work and the design of technology that might support that work over distance. Boundaries are drawn by mapping practices; “objects” do not pre-exist as such. Objects are boundary projects. But boundaries shift from within; boundaries are very tricky. What boundaries provisionally contain remains generative, productive of meanings and bodies. Siting (sighting) boundaries is a risky practice. Donna Haraway, Situated Knowledges, 1991, p. 200}, pages = {48}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-7923-4638-6}, doi = {10.1007/978-94-015-7372-6_14}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Robertson/Robertson_1997_Cooperative_Work_and_Lived_Cognition.pdf}, } @inbook{robinson97__aes_, title = {“As real as it gets....” Taming Models and Reconstructing Procedures}, author = {Robinson, Mike}, year = {1997}, tags = {algorithm, community_of_practice, cooperation, CSCW, diagram, information_theory, model, procedure, social_science, socio_technical_systems, sociology}, chapter = {11}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @inproceedings{roese97_count_121_, title = {Counterfactual thinking.}, author = {Roese, Neal J.}, year = {1997}, tags = {affect, counter_factual, psychology}, booktitle = {Psychological bulletin}, volume = {121}, number = {1}, abstract = {Counterfactuals are mental representations of alternatives to the past and produce consequences that are both beneficial and aversive to the individual. These apparently contradictory effects are integrated in a functionalist model of counterfactual thinking. The author reviews research in support of the assertions that (a) counterfactual thinking is activated automatically in response to negative affect, (b) the content of counterfactuals targets particularly likely causes of misfortune, (c) counterfactuals produce negative affective consequences through a contrast-effect mechanism and positive inferential consequences through a causal-inference mechanism, and (d) the net effect of counterfactual thinking is beneficial.}, issn = {0033-2909}, month = {jan}, pages = {133–48}, pdf_locked = {False}, pmid = {9000895}, url = {http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=2717727&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Roese/Roese_1997_Counterfactual_thinking_.pdf}, } @article{rogers97_groun_blue_sky_resear_4_, title = {Grounding Blue-Sky Research}, subtitle = {How Can Ethnography Help?}, author = {Rogers, Yvonne and Bellotti, Victoria}, year = {1997}, tags = {blue_sky, ethnography, research}, journal = {Interactions}, volume = {4}, number = {3}, abstract = {An abstract is not available.}, issn = {1072-5520}, pages = {58–63}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1145/255392.255404}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Rogers/Rogers_1997_Grounding_Blue_Sky_Research.pdf}, } @incollection{rota97_ten_i_i_, title = {Ten lessons I wish I had been taught}, author = {Rota, Gian-Carlo}, year = {1997}, tags = {education, research, teaching}, booktitle = {Indiscrete thoughts}, publisher = {Springer}, pages = {195–203}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1007/978-0-8176-4781-0_18}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Rota/Rota_1997_Ten_lessons_I_wish_I_had_been_taught.pdf}, } @misc{rota97_ten_lesson_i_wish_i_, title = {Ten Lessons I Wish I Had Learned Before I Started Teaching Differential Equations}, author = {Rota, Gian-Carlo}, year = {1997}, tags = {differential_equations, math, teaching}, abstract = {One of many mistakes of my youth was writing a textbook in ordinary differential equations. It set me back several years in my career in mathematics. However, it had a redeeming feature: it led me to realize that I had no idea what a differential equation is. The more I teach differential equations, the less I understand the mystery of differential equations.}, pages = {10}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {http://www.ega-math.narod.ru/Tasks/GCRota.htm}, url2 = {http://goo.gl/XHKa8}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Rota/Rota_1997_Ten_Lessons_I_Wish_I_Had_Learned_Before_.pdf}, } @book{rousseau97_julie_new_helois_, title = {Julie, or the New Heloise}, author = {Rousseau, Jean-Jacques}, year = {1997}, tags = {philosophy}, publisher = {Dartmouth College Press}, pdf_locked = {False}, translator = {Stewart, Philip and Vache, Jean}, isbn = {0-87451-825-3}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Rousseau/Rousseau_1997_Julie_or_the_New_Heloise.pdf}, } @article{ruiter97_basic_class_legal_instit_10_, title = {A Basic Classification of Legal Institutions}, author = {Ruiter, Dick W P}, year = {1997}, tags = {__important, classification, institution, legal, social_reality, taxonomy}, journal = {Ratio Juris}, volume = {10}, number = {4}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1111/1467-9337.00066}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Ruiter/Ruiter_1997_A_Basic_Classification_of_Legal_Institut.pdf}, } @inproceedings{santos97_action_5_, title = {Action concepts for describing organised interaction}, author = {Santos, Filipe A. A. and Jones, Andrew J. I. and Carmo, José M. C. L. M.}, year = {1997}, tags = {action, agency, agents, deontic_logic, formal_logic, interaction, MAS, multi_agent_systems}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the thirtieth Hawaii international conference on system sciences}, volume = {5}, organization = {IEEE}, pages = {373–382}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1109/HICSS.1997.663195}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Santos/Santos_1997_Action_concepts_for_describing_organised.pdf}, } @article{scacchi97_proces_life_cycle_engin_6_, title = {Process Life Cycle Engineering}, subtitle = {A Knowledge-Based Approach and Environment}, author = {Scacchi, Walt and Mi, Peiwei}, year = {1997}, tags = {engineering, knowledge_engineering, process, software_engineering}, journal = {International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management}, volume = {6}, number = {2}, abstract = {We describe our approach and mechanisms to support the engineering of organizational processes throughout their life cycle, and our current understanding of what activities are included in the process life cycle. We then go on to discuss our approach, computational mechanisms, and experiences in supporting many of these life cycle activities, as well as compare it to other related efforts. Along the way, we present examples drawn from a recent study that uses the approach and the mechanisms of our knowledge-based process engineering environment to support the (re)engineering of corporate financial operations in a mid-size consumer products organization.}, issn = {1055-615X}, pages = {83–107}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1174(199706)6:2<83::AID-ISAF126>3.0.CO;2-1}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1174(199706)6:2%3C83::AID-ISAF126%3E3.0.CO;2-1}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Scacchi/Scacchi_1997_Process_Life_Cycle_Engineering.pdf}, } @inproceedings{schmidt97_of_, title = {Of maps and scripts{ extemdash}the status of formal constructs in cooperative work}, author = {Schmidt, Kjeld}, year = {1997}, tags = {cooperation, CSCW, psychology, replication, schema, script}, booktitle = {ACM SIGGROUP Supporting group work : the integration challenge}, publisher = {ACM Press}, address = {New York, New York, USA}, pages = {138–147}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-89791-897-5}, doi = {10.1145/266838.266887}, url = {http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=266838.266887}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Schmidt/Schmidt_1997_Of_maps_and_scriptsthe_status_of_formal.pdf}, } @inproceedings{shaw97_, title = {A field guide to boxology}, subtitle = {Preliminary classification of architectural styles for software systems}, author = {Shaw, M. and Clements, P.}, year = {1997}, tags = {classification, data_flow, design, message_passing, pipe_and_filter, software_architecture}, booktitle = {Proceedings Twenty-First Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC'97)}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1109/cmpsac.1997.624691}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/CMPSAC.1997.624691}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Shaw/Shaw_1997_A_field_guide_to_boxology.pdf}, } @inbook{shoham97_overv_agent_orien_progr_4_, title = {An Overview of Agent-Oriented Programming}, author = {Shoham, Yoav}, year = {1997}, tags = {agent_0, agents, AOP}, booktitle = {Software Agents}, volume = {4}, publisher = {MIT Press}, chapter = {13}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {978-0-262-52234-2}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/book/10.5555/267985}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Shoham/Shoham_1997_An_Overview_of_Agent_Oriented_Programmin.pdf}, } @article{simon97_power_quant_comput_26_, title = {On the Power of Quantum Computation}, author = {Simon, Daniel R.}, year = {1997}, tags = {complexity, computation, oracle, quantum_computing}, journal = {SIAM Journal on Computing}, volume = {26}, number = {5}, pages = {1474-1483}, pdf_locked = {False}, primaryclass = {arXiv:quant-ph}, doi = {10.1137/s0097539796298637}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/S0097539796298637}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Simon/Simon_1997_On_the_Power_of_Quantum_Computation.pdf}, } @article{simon97_scien_discov_simpl_method_91_, title = {Scientific Discovery and Simplicity of Method}, author = {Simon, Herbert A. and Valdés-Pérez, Raúl E. and Sleeman, Derek H.}, year = {1997}, tags = {BACON, DENDRAL, discovery, methodology, review, scientific_method, simplicity}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {177-181}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00019-2}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00019-2}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Simon/Simon_1997_Scientific_Discovery_and_Simplicity_of_M.pdf}, } @article{smalley97_spect_2_, title = {Spectromorphology}, subtitle = {Explaining Sound-Shapes}, author = {Smalley, Denis}, year = {1997}, tags = {description, sound, soundscape, space}, journal = {Organised Sound}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, issn = {13557718}, pages = {107–126}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {1-355-77189-7}, doi = {10.1017/S1355771897009059}, url = {http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1355771897009059}, file = {1900/1990/1997/SMALLEY/SMALLEY_1997_Spectromorphology.pdf}, } @inproceedings{smaragdakis97__distil_, title = {DiSTiL}, subtitle = {A Transformation Library for Data Structures}, author = {Smaragdakis, Yannis and Batory, Don}, year = {1997}, tags = {components, data_structure, DiSTiL, DSL, intentional_programming, software_engineering}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Domain-Specific Languages}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.5555/1267950.1267970}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Smaragdakis/Smaragdakis_1997_DiSTiL.pdf}, } @article{smith97_fear_crime_37_, title = {Fear of Crime}, subtitle = {Gender Differences in Risk Perception and Neutralizing Fear of Crime}, author = {Smith, William R and Torstensson, Marie}, year = {1997}, tags = {crime, gender, perception, risk, violence}, journal = {British Journal of Criminology}, volume = {37}, number = {4}, pages = {608–634}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Smith/Smith_1997_Fear_of_Crime.pdf}, } @book{smith97_scien_engin_guide_to_digit_signal_proces_, title = {The Scientist and Engineer's Guide To Digital Signal Processing}, author = {Smith, Steven W.}, year = {1997}, tags = {compression, convolution, DSP, filter, fourier, math, signal_processing, text_book}, publisher = {California Technical Publishing}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {0-9660176-6-8}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Smith/Smith_1997_The_Scientist_and_Engineer_s_Guide_To_Di.pdf}, } @judicial{stevens97_clint_jones_, title = {Clinton v Jones}, author = {Stevens, John Paul}, year = {1997}, tags = {civil_litigation, judicial_opinion, judiciary, presidential_immunity, SCOTUS}, institution = {Supreme Court Of The United States}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Stevens/Stevens_1997_Clinton_v_Jones.pdf}, } @judicial{stevens97_reno_aclu_, title = {Reno v ACLU}, author = {Stevens, John Paul}, year = {1997}, tags = {communications_decency_act, free_speech, internet, judicial_opinion, judiciary, SCOTUS}, institution = {Supreme Court Of The United States}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Stevens/Stevens_1997_Reno_v_ACLU.pdf}, } @article{strathern97_improv_5_, title = {'Improving ratings'}, subtitle = {Audit in the British University system}, author = {Strathern, Marilyn}, year = {1997}, tags = {anthropology, audit_explosion, economics, education, goodharts_law, metrics, pedagogy, UK}, journal = {European Review}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {305-321}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1002/(sici)1234-981x(199707)5:3<305::aid-euro184>3.0.co;2-4}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1234-981X(199707)5:3<305::AID-EURO184>3.0.CO;2-4}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Strathern/Strathern_1997_Improving_ratings_.pdf}, } @article{swanson97_inter_system_findin_compl_liter_91_, title = {An Interactive System for Finding Complementary Literatures}, subtitle = {A Stimulus To Scientific Discovery}, author = {Swanson, Don R. and Smalheiser, Neil R.}, year = {1997}, tags = {design, discovery, HCI, knowledge_discovery, MEDLINE, methodology, science, specialisation}, journal = {Artificial Intelligence}, volume = {91}, number = {2}, pages = {183-203}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1016/s0004-3702(97)00008-8}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0004-3702(97)00008-8}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Swanson/Swanson_1997_An_Interactive_System_for_Finding_Comple.pdf}, } @article{tambe97_towar_flexib_teamw_7_, title = {Towards Flexible Teamwork}, author = {Tambe, Milind}, year = {1997}, tags = {agents, communication, intention, joint_intention, MAS, multi_agent_systems, shared_plans, STEAM, teamwork}, journal = {Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research}, volume = {7}, pages = {83-124}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1613/jair.433}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.433}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Tambe/Tambe_1997_Towards_Flexible_Teamwork.pdf}, } @inbook{taylor97__world_cooper_work_, title = {The Worldviews of Cooperative Work}, author = {Taylor, James R. and Gurd, Geoffrey and Bardini, Thierry}, year = {1997}, tags = {behaviour, cooperation, design, deutero_learning, information_theory, organisation, petri_net, social_science, socio_technical_systems, worldview}, chapter = {16}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, } @book{thorpe97__codex_sister_battl_, title = {Codex Sisters of Battle}, author = {Thorpe, Gavin}, year = {1997}, tags = {40k, codex, lore, rule_book, warhammer}, edition = {2}, publisher = {Games Workshop}, pdf_locked = {False}, isbn = {1-872372-14-7}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Thorpe/Thorpe_1997_Codex_Sisters_of_Battle_2nd_Edition.pdf}, } @inproceedings{tomai97_order_magnit_reason_model_moral_decis_makin_, title = {Order of Magnitude Reasoning in Modeling Moral Decision-Making}, author = {Tomai, Emmett and Forbus, Ken and Klenk, Matthew}, year = {1997}, tags = {culture, decision_making, deontic, MoralDM, morality, psychology, utility}, booktitle = {22nd International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Tomai/Tomai_1997_Order_of_Magnitude_Reasoning_in_Modeling.pdf}, } @misc{turk95_discip_softw_engin_, title = {A Discipline for Software Engineering}, subtitle = {Humphrey 1995}, author = {Turk, Dan}, year = {1997}, tags = {engineering, history, knowledge, presentation, software_engineering}, howpublished = {presentation}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Turk/Turk_1997_A_Discipline_for_Software_Engineering.pdf}, } @inproceedings{wansbrough97_, title = {A modular monadic action semantics}, author = {Wansbrough, Keith and Hamer, John}, year = {1997}, tags = {action_language, action_semantics, DSL, haskell, monads, programming_language, semantics}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Conference on Domain-Specific Languages on Conference on Domain-Specific Languages (DSL), 1997}, pages = {13–13}, pdf_locked = {False}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Wansbrough/Wansbrough_1997_A_modular_monadic_action_semantics.pdf}, } @article{whitley97_visual_progr_languag_empir_eviden_again_8_, title = {Visual Programming Languages and the Empirical Evidence for and Against}, author = {Whitley, K.N.}, year = {1997}, tags = {design, graphical_programming, HCI, programming_language}, journal = {Journal of Visual Languages & Computing}, volume = {8}, number = {1}, pages = {109-142}, pdf_locked = {False}, doi = {10.1006/jvlc.1996.0030}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvlc.1996.0030}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Whitley/Whitley_1997_Visual_Programming_Languages_and_the_Emp.pdf}, } @misc{wright97_soul_sims_, title = {The Soul of The Sims}, author = {Wright, Will and Hopkins, Don}, year = {1997}, tags = {history, prototype, source_code, the_sims}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://www.donhopkins.com/home/images/Sims/}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Wright/Wright_1997_The_Soul_of_The_Sims.pdf}, } @article{wurzbach97__theor_pract_compil_motif_index_34_, title = {Theory and Practice of Compiling a Motif Index, with the Child Corpus as Example}, author = {Wurzbach, Natascha}, year = {1997}, tags = {folklore, motif_index, narrative, stith_thompson}, journal = {Journal of Folklore Research}, volume = {34}, number = {3}, pdf_locked = {False}, url = {https://www.jstor.org/stable/3814892}, file = {1900/1990/1997/Wurzbach/Wurzbach_1997_Theory_and_Practice_of_Compiling_a_Motif.pdf}, } @inbook{yoneyama97__comput_system_text_space_, title = {Computer Systems as Text and Space}, subtitle = {Toward a Phenomenological Hermeneutics of Development and Use}, author = {Yoneyama, Jun}, year = {1997}, tags = {action_possibilities, computational_semiotics, cooperation, CSCW, embodiment, hermeneutics, information_theory, paul_ricoeur, phenomenology, social_science, socio_technical_systems, structuralism, system_design}, chapter = {5}, crossref = {bowker97:_social_scien_techn_system_cooper_work_}, }